The computer has become a very common electronic device in most homes nowadays and where there is a computer or PC there is the use of OS. Without OS the computer or system is just a metal box and nothing. It provides an interface between the user and the hardware resources. It is system software and performs all the basic tasks and manages the other computer resources. There are various kinds of OS that have been developed for systems to work efficiently. And every OS has its specific features and functions. Some OS are Windows, Linus, VMS, OS/400, AIX, z/OS, etc. This article will provide you with deep details about Linux OS.
Table of contents:
What is an Operating system?
An operating system is system software that works as an intermediary between the user and hardware. It manages all the resources. The Operating system is required for the installation process to start functioning or maybe it is pre-installed in some systems. It provides an environment for the users to work on the system and can efficiently perform its tasks.
Although there are numerous functions of an OS. Here are certain functions of OS:
Types of OS:
The Operating System is widely categorized into five different categories:
What is Linux Operating System?
Linux is an open-source operating system that acts as an intermediary between applications and hardware. It establishes the connection between the software and all physical resources to perform any operation. Linux is the version of the Unix operating system. Since Linux is an open-source platform. Its source codes are easily available to the public or even anyone can watch and modify its code.
The versions of Linux are termed as “distros” or “distributions”. So here are some popular distributions of the Linux operating system.
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Components of Linux Operating System:
The Linux operating system has three components:
Kernel: Kernel is the core unit of the Linux operating system and it provides the main functionality to the hardware resources. It has various modules and it directly communicates to the underlying hardware components. Kernel codes execute only in a special mode called kernel mode.
System Library: System libraries are special programs. It is used by the application programs to access features of the kernel. System libraries are used to implement most of the operating system functions and do need any kernel module’s code access right.
System Utilities: All the individual and specialized level tasks are in control of system utility programs.
History of Linux Operating System.
Linux was started in 1991 in the form of a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a free Operating System. Its source code was first released in 1991. Linux Kernel was considered the first version of the Linux Operating System. The latest version of Linux is Linux Mint 20.3 which was released on 27th June 2020.
Features of Linux Operating System
Portable: Linux can work on numerous hardware platforms without any issue. So the users have no more concern about using the Linux Operating System based on different hardware resources.
Open Source: Open sources refers that this Linux Operating system can be used by any people independently. Anyone can see the source code and can modify it according to their requirements and needs.
Security: It provides high security to the users with authentication, authorization process, password protection, control access to the internal applications, etc.
MultiUser: The same Linux Operating system can be used by more than one user because it provides a complete set of Unix compatible tools.
Fast: Linux operating system is very fast and easy to use. Responds very quickly.
Free: It is available freely and the user doesn’t need to buy it with any license.
What is Linux Networking Command?
When more than one computer is connected, they make a network whether internally or externally. This network can be small or big like LAN, MAN, or wan. And to establish communication among them, commands are used. And to maintain the network system and troubleshoot, Linux network commands are used. Here are a few most used commands with syntax and examples.
Curl: It is a command-line tool that is used to transmit information from the server by using any supportive protocols like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, etc.
Syntax: curl [option] [URL]
Example: curlhttps://wwwcurlexample.com
wget: it is a command-line utility to download any file from the server. The user can download any files by using different protocols.
Syntax: wget[option] [URL…]
Example: to download the webpage
Wgethttp://ex.com/example.html
To download the file from the web
Example: wget –bhttp://www.ex.com/example.html
Syntax: whois
Example: whoiS example.com
traceroute: This command is used to troubleshoot the network. It analyzes the delay and detects the path to your target. It provides the names and follows the route to the destination.
Syntax: traceroute
Example: $ traceroute example.com
tracepath: This command is similar to the traceroute. It is used to analyze network delay. It detects the route to specify the destination and identify the hop in it.
Syntax: tracepath
Example: tracepath example.com
ping: It is one of the most used Linux networking commands The main objective of this command is to check the network connectivity between two nodes.
Syntax: $ ping
Example: $ ping example.com
dig: It stands for Domain Information Groper. Dig command is used to analyze the query of the DNS name server.
Syntax: dig
Example: $ dig example.com
Advantages of Linux operating system
Disadvantages of using Linux Operating system.
The architecture of the Linux Operating System
The Linux operating system consists of mainly five components:
The Kernel: it is the core of the Operating System and is responsible for all the major executions in the OS. The kernel also offers the facility of hiding the low-level hardware and application programs of the system. The kernel is further classified into different types:
System Libraries: These are specialized for some special function and used for implementing the operating system functionalities. It also doesn’t require any kind of access rights to the module of the kernel.
System Utility Programs: It is responsible for any individual task or specialized operation in an Operating system.
Hardware layer: The Linux Operating System consists of different hardware layers which contain numerous peripheral devices like CPU, HDD, RAM, etc.
The Shell: The shell acts as an interface for the kernel and the user. It adopts the services of the kernel and also takes commands from the user and runs the function of the kernel. This is categorized into two types :
Conclusion
The OS is mandatory for every system. Therefore the demand and development of OS are still in a running process. The developers are working to add some new features to the existing OS and release new versions of the OS, in three to four years. The future of IT is very bright since everything is being done on system and laptop and so many IT engineers are working every day to add some new technology to our daily life and making it more advanced.
Author Bio
Sai Priya Ravuri is a Digital Marketer, and a passionate writer, who is working with mindmajix, a top global online training provider. She also holds in-depth knowledge of IT and demanding technologies such as Business Intelligence, Machine Learning, Salesforce, Cybersecurity, Software Testing, QA, Data analytics, Project Management, ERP tools, etc.
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